长江口咸潮入侵变化特征及成因分析     

李文善  王慧  左常圣  董军兴  徐浩  潘嵩  金波文  高通 《海洋学报》2020,42(7):32-40

本文基于海洋站潮位观测数据、海平面变化影响调查信息以及长江口水文站径流量数据等，重点分析了2009?2018年长江口咸潮入侵的变化特征及其影响因素，分析结果表明:(1)长江口咸潮入侵季节变化特征明显。咸潮一般从每年的9?10月开始入侵，翌年4?5月结束。3月咸潮入侵次数最多，达12次。2009?2018年，长江口咸潮入侵次数和咸潮持续时间均呈下降趋势，2009年长江口咸潮入侵次数最多，达13次，时间均发生在10月至翌年的4月；咸潮持续时间年际变化较大，2011年咸潮入侵持续时间最长，累计为55 d。2015?2018年，咸潮入侵次数和入侵持续时间均明显减少，2018年没有监测到咸潮入侵过程。(2) 1?4月，长江口处于季节性低海平面期，且同期径流量少，但是受东亚季风影响，持续的增水过程使得增减水?径流量综合影响指数明显偏高，其中1月、2月、3月的影响指数分别为1.5、1.9和1.6，该时段长江口的咸潮入侵过程主要受增减水的影响。5?7月，长江口径流量明显增加，海平面?径流量综合影响指数均小于0，径流的作用强于海水上溯。8月，长江口径流量开始下降，虽然季节海平面较高，但是长江口呈现明显的减水过程，海平面?径流量和增减水?径流量的综合影响指数分别为0.1和?1.6，基本不会发生咸潮入侵。9月，长江口处于季节高海平面期，并且以增水为主，海平面?径流量和增减水?径流量的综合影响指数较大，分别为1.2和1.0，易发生咸潮入侵。10月、11月长江口海平面?径流量的综合影响指数分别为1.5和0.8，径流影响弱于海水上溯，易发生咸潮入侵。(3) 2009?2018年发生的48次咸潮入侵过程有2/3恰逢天文大潮。在某些年份长江口沿海基础海平面偏高，若持续增水恰逢天文大潮，则加剧咸潮入侵的影响程度。  相似文献   

2018?2019年舟山近海浮游动物群落结构春季年际变化及其与水团的关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王慧君  许永久  俞存根  章寒  张洪亮  蒋日进  梁君  郭爱  朱文斌  徐开达  刘连为  王皓学 《海洋学报》2020,42(6):90-100

根据2018?2019年春季两个航次在舟山近海进行的浮游生物调查结果，对舟山近海的浮游动物群落结构(类群组成、优势种数量)年际变化进行了研究，利用典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA)研究了两年春季浮游动物类群组成差异、优势种变化的原因，初步探讨了春季浮游动物群落结构动态变化的机制。结果表明:根据表层温度(Sea Surface Temperature，SST)、表层盐度(Sea Surface Salinity，SSS)的聚类分析，将该区域分为3个水团:杭州湾内水团(I区)、舟山本岛上升流水团II区)、舟山近海水团(III区)。不同水团对浮游动物类群组成影响显著，引起2018年和2019年春季3个水团区差异的主要贡献种(贡献率>10%)均为中华哲水蚤，同一水团两年间年际差异的贡献种如下:I区为捷氏歪水蚤(56.91%)和真刺唇角水蚤(12.34%)；II区为中华哲水蚤(72.64%)、五角水母(13.35%)；III区为中华哲水蚤(41.93%)、夜光虫(22.94%)。CCA分析表明，第1 CCA轴(CCA1)和第2 CCA轴(CCA2)共解释了两年春季浮游动物优势种累计方差的46.14%和物种?环境累计方差的97.82%。CCA1主要反映了空间(近海水团和湾内水团)的差异。CCA2主要反映了2018年和2019年站位的年际差异。盐度是影响春季浮游动物群落结构空间差异的主要因素，而温度、叶绿素a浓度是春季浮游动物群落结构年际差异的主要因素。  相似文献   

一种用于海洋综合观测浮标的多种通信方式集成系统   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王春晓  王旭  刘长华  贾思洋 《海洋科学》2020,44(1):142-147

为了优化海洋综合观测浮标的通信系统,设计了一种通信方式集成系统,将多种通信模块进行集成管理,并在每个数据发送周期进行通信信号检测,经过比较选择最优的通信方式进行数据传输。该系统具有采集数据完整、数据冗余小、运行功耗低等优点,有效增强了浮标的通信能力,完善了原有通信系统的功能,并且后期还具备较强的可扩展性功能,如浮标舱内环境监测和独立定位等,进一步增强浮标的安全性。该系统已经完成12个月的海上试运行,系统运行稳定,功能达到预期,可满足海洋综合观测浮标对多种通信方式进行优化管理的需求。  相似文献   

基于博弈论的海洋渔业融资约束问题研究          下载免费PDF全文

李煦  平瑛 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(12):16-20

疫情的冲击使社会经济发展受到影响，我国政府出台一系列激励性政策，力求恢复企业正常生产经营。然而要实现金融支持的精准投放，亟须厘清目前海洋渔业融资约束形成的原因，从而有的放矢。文章在博弈论的框架下探讨海洋渔业融资约束的形成与破解，根据现实情况将海洋渔业融资交易行为定为不完全信息动态博弈。研究结果表明:海洋渔业经营主体提供越高价值的抵押物，越易达成博弈的最优均衡，从而有效减少融资约束；金融机构越能准确识别海洋渔业经营主体生产投资活动的回报收益率，也越易达成博弈的最优均衡，从而有效减少融资约束。在此基础上，建议:扩大针对海洋渔业经营主体的融资抵押物范围，如海域使用权等用益物权可仿照土地经营权进行抵押试点；鼓励和引导设立相关担保机构和专项基金，从而在抵押物缺失的情况下支持海洋渔业经营主体的生产性融资；金融机构可尝试与海洋渔业经营主体建立长期的合作关系，从而降低双方的信息不对称程度，进而有效识别回报收益率，避免因潜在风险而产生的融资约束。  相似文献   

基于Stokes-Helmert边值理论的大地水准面计算模型改化及分析检验          下载免费PDF全文

黄谟涛  邓凯亮  陈欣  吴太旗  陆秀平  欧阳永忠  翟国君  刘敏  王许 《海洋测绘》2020,40(5):1-8

针对源自Stokes-Helmert边值理论的大地水准面计算模型适用性问题,首先详细解析了Stokes-Helmert方法的基本原理和计算模型,研究探讨了该方法与其他现有方法的关联性和差异性,分析比较了Stokes-Helmert计算模型和相同类型模型的技术特点,提出了Stokes-Helmert计算模型的实用改化方法,同时设计了4种分步改化模型的实验验证方案,使用超高阶位模型EGM2008作为数值模拟标准场,对分步改化模型的计算效果进行了数值精度检核,并开展了数据观测噪声影响评估检验,得出了一些有参考和实际应用价值的研究结论。在一定条件下,使用改化Stokes-Helmert方法计算(似)大地水准面可获得优于2cm的内符合度。  相似文献   

几种虾蛄生物学特性和繁殖生物学研究进展     

赵旺  杨其彬  陈旭  陈明强  温为庚 《海洋科学》2019,43(4):105-114

虾蛄(Squillidae)是重要的水产增养殖品种。目前针对虾蛄类的研究主要集中在其基础生物学和繁殖生物学方面,其中在虾蛄的纳精结构、性腺发育和幼体发育等研究方面还存在诸多分歧。作者综述了几种虾蛄类,如口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、黑斑口虾蛄(O. kempi)、猛虾蛄(Harpiosquilla harpax)和棘突猛虾蛄(H. raphidea)的资源分布、生活习性、亲本、性腺和幼体发育等研究成果,以期为虾蛄繁殖生物学和人工育苗的深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Improved fuzzy weighted optimum curve-fitting method for estimating the parameters of a Pearson Type-III distribution     

Guan-Jun Lei  Jun-Xian Yin  Hao Wang  Dong-Mei Xu  Jing Tian 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(16):2115-2128

ABSTRACT

The objective of the curve-fitting method is to determine the optimal distribution by parameter estimation. The selection of the parameter estimation methods and the determination of the parameter estimation results may vary according to the different aims of the curve fitting, as well as the different accuracies and positions of the points. To solve the problem, the fuzzy weighted optimum curve-fitting method (FWOCM) was used to deal with the characters. The deficiencies of the original FWOCM were analysed, and it was found that the membership function and nomograph were unable to effectively deal with the curve fitting. An improved method and its indexes were evaluated, using effectiveness and unbiasedness as the assessment criteria, while scoring and percentage methods were chosen to comprehensively assess the statistical results. Compared with FWOCM, the results showed greater effectiveness and unbiasedness in the improved method.  相似文献   

Impacts of small cascaded hydropower plants on river discharge in a basin in Southern China     

Xu Xiao  Xiaohong Chen  Lilan Zhang  Rouyi Lai  Jie Liu 《水文研究》2019,33(10):1420-1433

The run‐off volume altered by the construction of hydropower plants affects ecohydrological processes in catchments. Although the impacts of large hydropower plants have been well documented in the literature, few studies have been conducted on the impacts of small cascaded hydropower plants (SCHPs). To evaluate the impacts of SCHPs on river flow, we chose a representative basin affected by hydropower projects and, to a lesser degree, by other human activities, that is, the Qiuxiang River basin in Southern China. The observed river discharge and climate data during the period of 1958–2016 were investigated. The datasets were divided into a low‐impact period and a high‐impact period based on the number of SCHPs and the capacities of the reservoirs. The daily river discharge alteration was assessed by applying the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. To separate the impact of the SCHPs on the local river discharge from that of climate‐related precipitation, the back‐propagation neural network was used to simulate the monthly average river discharge process. An abnormal result was found: Unlike large reservoirs in large watersheds, the SCHPs regulated the flows during the flood season but were not able to mitigate the droughts during the dry season due to their limited storage and the commonly occurring inappropriate interregulations of the SCHPs. The SCHPs also reduced the annual average river discharge in the research basin. The contribution of the SCHPs to the river discharge changes was 85.37%, much higher than the contributions of climate change (13.43%) and other human activities (1.20%). The results demonstrated that the impacts of the SCHPs were different from those of large dams and reservoirs that regulate floods and relieve droughts. It is necessary to raise the awareness of the impacts of these river barriers.  相似文献   

Root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate     

Xiang Xu  Huade Guan  Grzegorz Skrzypek  Craig T. Simmons 《水文研究》2019,33(18):2394-2407

The root‐zone moisture replenishment mechanisms are key unknowns required to understand soil hydrological processes and water sources used by plants. Temporal patterns of root‐zone moisture replenishment reflect wetting events that contribute to plant growth and survival and to catchment water yield. In this study, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of twigs and throughfall were continuously monitored to characterize the seasonal variations of the root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate in South Australia. The two studied hillslopes (the north‐facing slope [NFS] and the south‐facing slope [SFS]) had different environmental conditions with opposite aspects. The twig and throughfall samples were collected every ~20 days over 1 year on both hillslopes. The root‐zone moisture replenishment, defined as percentage of newly replenished root‐zone moisture as a complement to antecedent moisture for plant use, calculated by an isotope balance model, was about zero (±25% for the NFS and ± 15% for the SFS) at the end of the wet season (October), increased to almost 100% (±26% for the NFS and ± 29% for the SFS) after the dry season (April and May), then decreased close to zero (±24% for the NFS and ± 28% for the SFS) in the middle of the following wet season (August). This seasonal pattern of root‐zone moisture replenishment suggests that the very first rainfall events of the wet season were significant for soil moisture replenishment and supported the plants over wet and subsequent dry seasons, and that NFS completed replenishment over a longer time than SFS in the wet season and depleted the root zone moisture quicker in the dry season. The stable oxygen isotope composition of the intraevent samples and twigs further confirms that rain water in the late wet season contributed little to root‐zone moisture. This study highlights the significant role of the very first rain events in the early wet season for ecosystem and provides insights to understanding ecohydrological separation, catchment water yield, and vegetation response to climate changes.  相似文献   

塘沽地电阻率观测轻轨干扰降噪处理     

王晓蕾  谷国梁  马义山  刘传军  徐小远  杨建思 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(4):81-88

随着地铁轻轨的迅速发展，我国大多数地电阻率测项受到不同程度干扰，诸多学者为此提出采用小波方法进行滤波的建议。文中拟采用小波和HHT滤波方法，以受津滨轻轨干扰严重的塘沽地电阻率观测资料为例，进行降噪处理，对比2种方法的滤波效果，以获得更好的滤波方法。  相似文献